Muscle cramps Muscle cramps are unexpected or sudden, involuntary shrinkage which happens in several muscles. Such shrinkages are mostly painful and can affect various groups of muscles. A cramp’s severe pain can wake you up at night, or make walking difficult. Those in the back of your lower leg, your thigh back, and your thigh […]

Mastoiditis is a bacterial infection of the mastoid air cells near the middle and inner ear. The mastoid bone, packed with these air cells, is part of the skull’s temporal bone. It is assumed that the mastoid air cells protect the fragile ear structures, control the ear pressure and probably protect the temporal bone during […]

Gallstones are “stones” which made in the gallbladder or also known as bile ducts. Cholesterol, black pigment, and brown pigment are common types of gallstones. The gallbladder is responsible for storing bile, which is a greenish-brown fluid used to digest fats in the digestive process. Bile is produced in the liver. The proportion of the […]

Onchocerciasis, also called River Blindness, is a condition which affects the skin and eyes. It is caused by the volvulus Onchocerca worm. Onchocerca volvulus is a parasite. It’s spread to humans and livestock through the bite of a type of blackfly from the genus Simulium. This type of blackfly is found near rivers and streams. […]

What are Bedsores (Decubitus Ulcers)? Bedsores, also known as pressure ulcers or decubitus ulcers, are damaged skin areas that can occur in people who: Were for long periods confined to bed Are unable to move for short periods, particularly if they are thin or have diseases of the blood vessels or neurological conditions Using a […]

What is Retinoblastoma? This is a rare type of eye cancer usually occurring during childhood. It starts in the retina — the part of the eye that senses light and sends pictures to the brain. Fewer than 300 children in the U.S. are diagnosed with it each year. Usually, it’s found before they turn 2. […]