What is a thrombosed hemorrhoid?

Hemorrhoids are enlarged vascular tissue in your lower rectum and anus. That’s the opening at the end of your large intestine through which stool leaves your body. Everyone has hemorrhoids. They don’t cause problems unless they swell up, however. Swollen hemorrhoids can cause itching and pain around your anus that can make bowel movements uncomfortable.

A thrombosed hernia is when a blood clot forms inside hemorrhoid. This condition isn’t dangerous, but it can be painful.

Thrombosed hemorrhoid vs. regular hemorrhoid

There are two types of hemorrhoids:

Internal hemorrhoids are inside your rectum.

External hemorrhoids are around your anus.

What are the symptoms?

Thrombosed hemorrhoids can be very painful. If you have one, it can hurt to walk, sit, or go to the bathroom.

Other hemorrhoid symptoms include:

itching around your anus

bleeding when you have a bowel movement

swelling or a lump around your anus

If you have a fever along with pain and swelling, you could have an area of infection called an abscess.

What causes thrombosed hemorrhoid?

You can get hemorrhoids from increased pressure on the veins in your rectum.

Causes of this pressure include:

straining while you have a bowel movement, especially if you’re constipated

diarrhea

irregular bowel movements

pregnancy, from the force of the baby pressing on your veins or from pushing during delivery

sitting for a long period of time, such as during a long car, train, or plane trip

Doctors don’t know why some people develop blood clots in their hemorrhoids.

What are the risks?

Hemorrhoids are very common. About three out of every four people will get at least one in their lifetime.

You’re more likely to get hemorrhoid if you:

are constipated because you don’t get enough fiber in your diet or due to a medical condition

are pregnant

often sit for long periods of times

are older because aging can weaken the tissues that hold hemorrhoids in place

How is it diagnosed?

See your doctor if you have pain or itching around your anus, or if you bleed when you have a bowel movement. It’s important to see your doctor because bleeding can also be a sign of cancer in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. During the exam, they may insert a gloved, lubricated finger into your rectum to feel for any lumps or growths. This is called a digital rectal exam.

If you have signs or are at risk for colon cancer, you may need one of these exams to look deeper inside your colon.

Sigmoidoscopy: The doctor inserts a thin, flexible scope with a camera at one end to view the bottom part of your colon. The scope allows your doctor to look for precancerous growths called polyps, and other changes in your colon.

Colonoscopy: The doctor uses a scope to look at the entire length of your colon.

How is it treated?

The main treatment for a thrombosed hemorrhoid is a procedure, called an external thrombectomy, that makes a small cut in the clot and drains it. You will get local anesthesia to prevent you from feeling pain.

This procedure works best if you have it within three days after hemorrhoid appears. It works quickly, but the clots can come back. You might still have pain after surgery.

Treatment for regular hemorrhoids

You might be able to relieve the discomfort from hemorrhoids with a few simple home measures:

Apply an over-the-counter hemorrhoid cream or ointment, such as Preparation H. You can also try a witch hazel wipe, such as Tucks.

Take over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB)

Sit in a warm bath for 10 to 15 minutes at a time, two to three times a day. You can use a sitz bath, which is a small plastic tub that immerses just your buttocks in a few inches of warm water. After your bath, gently pat, don’t rub, the area dry.

Apply an ice pack or cold compress to the area.

Surgery for hemorrhoids

Less than 10 percent of people with hemorrhoids will need surgery. You may need surgery if your hemorrhoid is very large or if you have both external and internal hemorrhoids.

Types of surgery for hemorrhoids include:

Rubber band ligation: The doctor places a small elastic band at the base of hemorrhoid. In a few weeks, hemorrhoid should shrink.

Hemorrhoidectomy: This procedure removes hemorrhoid, along with the clot and blood vessels. You may get a spinal block, which numbs the area of surgery, or you might be asleep under general anesthesia during this procedure. This procedure is more invasive and takes longer to perform than an external thrombectomy, but the hemorrhoid is less likely to come back. It’s usually only done for the most severe hemorrhoids because it causes much more pain. Side effects of this surgery include pain, urinary tract infections, and trouble emptying your bladder.

Stapled hemorrhoidopexy: This procedure is also done while you’re asleep under general anesthesia. The surgeon uses a stapling instrument to put the hemorrhoids back in place and hold them there.