Free Thyroxine test is performed on a sample of blood to measure level of FT4 in blood.It is performed to confirm Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism and also during treatment and after treatment of Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism.Also known asFT4 test, Free Thyroxine, FT4

This test measures the bioactive form of vitamin D. It is used in the differential diagnosis of hypocalcemia and to monitor patients with renal osteodystrophy or chronic renal failure. This test is not suitable for diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency and monitoring supplementation in most patients. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D test is the recommended test for those purposes.

The serum is the part of blood that doesn't contain cells. Sodium, potassium, and chloride levels are usually measured as part of a basic metabolic panel. An electrolyte panel is very useful in assessing acid-base balance in a number of medical conditions. Electrolytes affect a person’s body functions in many ways, including the acidity or alkalinity of the blood, the amount of water in the body and various muscle functions. Potassium is found inside the body's cells. Small amounts of it are also found in the blood plasma. It plays an important role in regulating the heart's rhythm and its ability to contract. Sodium is mainly found outside the body cells. It helps in regulating the amount of water in the body.

Arsenic and other heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and mercury is all considered toxic and have adverse health effects in human metabolism. This test analyses 22 elements which lead to toxic build up in the body.

Carbamazepine test measures the amount of the carbamazepine medicine in the blood. Carbamazepine is the generic name of a medicine with brand names like Tegretol, Equetro, and Carbatrol which is used to treat pain, bipolar disorder, mania, and epilepsy. The test is ordered when a person develops complications or experiences a troublesome level of side effects. Higher concentration of carbamazepine level in the blood results in symptoms like sleepiness, dizziness, blurred or double vision, uncoordinated movement and involuntary back and forth movement of the eyeball. Continuous intake of the medicine for a period of time may result in higher sensitivity to its effects. The test needs to be performed at the proper time so that it doesn’t reach a toxic level which may cause serious problems.

Antisperm antibodies occur when the body becomes sensitized to sperm. This causes an immune system response that destroys the sperm. There are two main types of anti-sperm antibodies that can prevent sperm cells from doing their job they are anti-sperm agglutinating antibodies, and anti-sperm immobilizing Antibodies. When a couple has difficulty getting pregnant due to anti-sperm antibodies, it is known as immunologic infertility. An anti-sperm antibody test looks for special proteins (antibodies) that fight against a man's sperm in blood, vaginal fluids, or semen. The higher the level of antibody-affected sperm found in the semen, the lower the chance of the sperm fertilizing an egg.

The drug in question in our case was phenytoin which is available in the market in two different strengths: Eptoin (each 5 mL containing 30 mg phenytoin) and Dilantin (each 5 mL containing 125 mg phenytoin). Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug widely used for treating several types of seizures. It is typically administered orally as phenytoin itself or else by intravenous infusion (IV) or intramuscular injection (IM) of the prodrug fosphenytoin, a relatively water-soluble phosphate ester of phenytoin. Depending on the route of administration, conversion of fosphenytoin to phenytoin is expected to be essentially complete within 2 - 4 hrs. Most of the Phenytoin in circulation is tightly bound to plasma proteins, chiefly albumin. Normally only about 10% circulates in the pharmacologically active free form, though in some conditions, such as renal failure, this fraction may increase to 30% or more. The amount circulating in free form is expected to be increased in hypoalbuminemia and in conditions where other compounds compete with phenytoin.Pharmacology:-Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug, which can be useful in the treatment of epilepsy. The primary site of action appears to be the motor cortex where the spread of seizure activity is inhibited. Phenytoin reduces the maximal activity of brain stem centers responsible for the tonic phase of tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizures. Steady-state therapeutic levels are achieved at least 7 to 10 days after initiation of therapy with recommended doses of 300 mg/day.Toxicity:-Phenytoin administration has been associated with toxic effects. Phenytoin toxicity depends on the route of administration, duration, exposure, and dosage. The route of administration is the most important determinant of toxicity. Phenytoin may be administered orally or intravenously. In addition, fosphenytoin may be administered intramuscularly. Blood levels of phenytoin reflect only the total serum concentration of the drug. Only the free unbound phenytoin has biological activity. Population groups that are predisposed to elevate free phenytoin levels include neonates, elderly persons, and individuals with uremia, hypoalbuminemia, or hyperbilirubinemia. These patients may exhibit signs of toxicity when drug levels are within the therapeutic range. Hepatic microsomal enzymes primarily metabolize phenytoin. Much of the drug is excreted in the bile as an inactive metabolite, which is then reabsorbed from the intestinal tract and ultimately excreted in the urine. Less than 5% of phenytoin is excreted unchanged in the urine. Individuals with impaired metabolic or excretory pathways may exhibit early signs of toxicity.

Hepatitis B Core Antigen Total, also known as Anti-HBc, HBcAb Total test; is a blood test to detect acute and chronic Hepatitis B virus infections. The tests look for different signs of infection such as the Antigens, made by the viruses; Antibodies, made by the body to fight the infection; and Hepatitis B DNA, which is the genes of the virus and confirms its presence. The test detects both Hepatitis antibodies IgM and IgG,, and Hepatitis B core antigen. Those who had Hepatitis B vaccine will not have the core antibody in their blood.

Hepatitis A is a sexually transmitted disease (STD), but it may also be transmitted by close contact with an infected individual or even contaminated food. Hepatitis A is known as a very contagious disease which attacks the liver which is preventable by a special vaccination. This lab test is commonly used for differential diagnosis of hepatitis and to ascertain for the presence of IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus. There are many symptoms of hepatitis A which can include: Fatigue Nausea Stomach pain/Discomfort Vomiting Jaundice and dark urine Clay-colored stool.

This test looks for antibodies called IgM in your blood. The test is used to find out whether you are actively infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV).HBV has a central core and a surrounding envelope. Your immune system makes IgM antibodies to the core of HBV during the active stage of infection. Hepatitis B core IgM antibodies begin to appear in your blood several weeks after you are first infected with HBV. People who have had the hepatitis B vaccine will not have the core antibody in their blood.HBV is one of 5 hepatitis viruses. The others are hepatitis A, C, D, and E. Most hepatitis infections are caused by these 5 viruses. HBV is spread through blood, seminal fluid, and vaginal secretions. It can take 60 to 150 days to develop symptoms of hepatitis B after you become infected. The virus causes an infection in the liver. In most cases, this virus clears up on its own within 6 months. But in a small portion of adults and a larger portion of children, the virus does not go away. This is especially true for newborns. This is called having a chronic infection. It may lead to liver cell damage; scarring, or cirrhosis; or liver cancer.

Anti-HBs test is used for quantitative measurement of antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen to help identify a previous hepatitis B infection and determine the immunity status after vaccination.

17-OH progesterone is a blood test that measures the amount of 17-OH progesterone. This is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands and sex glands.

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is an enzyme that appears to play a role in the inflammation of blood vessels and is thought to help promote atherosclerosis. This test measures the amount and activity of Lp-PLA2 in the blood.Some recent studies have shown that Lp-PLA2 is an independent risk marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), and ischemic stroke. In these studies, increased concentrations of Lp-PLA2 were seen in many people who were diagnosed with CHD and ischemic stroke, regardless of other risk factors. These findings make this relatively new test potentially useful as one of a growing number of cardiac risk markers that are used to help determine a person's risk of developing CVD.

Human Growth Hormone (HGH), also known as Growth Hormone (GH), is a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Measurement of GH is primarily of interest in the diagnosis and treatment of various forms of inappropriate growth hormone secretion.This blood test is often used to evaluate a growth hormone deficiency that is causing slowed growth. It is also used to measure overall pituitary function as well as measuring replacement therapy. It can also be prescribed as an anti-aging treatment in some cases.

The word ‘herpes' means to crawl or creep in Greek. This is how the Herpes Simplex Virus gets infected too. The virus crawls and sneaks into the cells of the body affecting the nerve pathways. Herpes simplex virus types 1 and two belong to the family of Herpesviridae. If this virus is present in the body, infection occurs from mild stomatitis to keratitis, genital tract infections, aseptic meningitis, chicken pox, and other fatal diseases. Herpes simplex virus test is also known by the name of HSV test. HSV tests are done to identify if there is a presence of the same in the body through samples from the blister, sore or fluid. It helps to diagnose acute herpes infected in the body. The HSV test is done under clinical findings and PCR (viral) culture at the laboratory testing. In case of unrecognized HSV infection, serologic testing for IgG-class antibodies is done.

This blood test measures ketones, a byproduct of fat metabolism, in the blood. When you have type 1 diabetes with a high level of ketones in your blood, it's called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is a complication of diabetes that can be fatal if it's not treated.  When you have type 1 diabetes, your body doesn't make enough insulin, a hormone that regulates the metabolism of fat and carbohydrates. Or your body can't properly use insulin to break down the food you eat (type 2 diabetes). When your body doesn't have enough insulin, it breaks down fat for energy instead of glucose, or sugar. The breakdown of fat produces ketones, which can build up in your blood and spill over into your urine if your diabetes is not under control. If your ketone levels are too high, it could cause you to go into a diabetic coma.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the major etiologic agent of enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis worldwide and has a high case-fatality rate in pregnant women. Both IgM and IgG antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) is produced following infection. The titer of IgM anti-HEV declines rapidly during early convalescence; IgG anti-HEV persists and appears to provide at least short-term protection against disease.

This test looks for antibodies in your blood called IgM. The test can find out whether you are infected with the hepatitis A virus (HAV).Your immune system makes IgM antibodies when you are first infected with HAV. It can take 14 to 50 days to develop symptoms of hepatitis A after you become infected. The average time to get symptoms after you are infected is 30 days. IgM antibodies usually begin to appear in your blood 5 to 10 days before you start having symptoms and can stay in your blood for about 6 months after the infection.

Estrogens are involved in development and maintenance of the female phenotype, germ cell maturation, and pregnancy. They also are important in many other nongender-specific functions in men and women. These include growth, nervous system maturation, bone metabolism, and endothelial responsiveness. There are 3 major biologically active estrogens in humans: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3). Like all members of the steroid hormone family, they diffuse into cells and bind to specific nuclear receptors, which in turn alter gene transcription in a tissue specific manner. E2 is the most potent natural human estrogen, closely followed by E1, while E3 possess only 20% of the E2 affinity for the estrogen receptor. In men and nonpregnant women, E1 and E2 are formed from the androgenic steroids androstenedione and testosterone, respectively. E3 is derived largely through conversion of E2, and to a lesser degree from 16a-metabolites of E1. E2 and E1 can also be converted into each other, and both can be inactivated via hydroxylation and conjugation. During pregnancy E3 becomes the dominant estrogen. The fetal adrenal gland secretes dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS), which is converted to E3 in the placenta and diffuses into the maternal circulation. The half-life of unconjugated E3 (uE3) in the maternal blood system is 20 to 30 minutes, since the maternal liver quickly conjugates E3 to make it more water soluble for urinary excretion. E3 levels increase throughout the course of pregnancy, peaking at term. Measurement of serum E2 and E1 levels is an integral part of assessment of reproductive function in females, and also has applications in both men and women in osteoporosis risk assessment and monitoring of female hormone replacement therapy. By contrast, with the exception of epidemiological studies assessing breast cancer risk and other scientific studies, the main value of E3 measurements is in the diagnosis of maternal-fetal diseases. In those settings, measurement of serum uE3 levels plays a major role. Decreased second trimester uE3 has been shown to be a marker for Down and trisomy-18 syndromes. It also is low in cases of gross neural tube defects such as anencephaly. Based on these observations, uE3 has become a part of multiple marker prenatal biochemical screening, together with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and inhibin-A measurements (QUAD / Quad Screen (Second Trimester) Maternal, Serum). Low levels of uE3 also have been associated with pregnancy loss, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (defect in cholesterol biosynthesis), X-linked ichthyosis and contiguous gene syndrome (placental sulfatase deficiency disorders), aromatase deficiency, and primary or secondary fetal adrenal insufficiency. High levels of uE3, or sudden increases in maternal uE3 levels, are a marker of pending labor. The rise occurs approximately 4 weeks before onset of labor. Since uE3 has been shown to be more accurate than clinical assessment in predicting labor onset, there is increasing interest in its use in assessment of preterm labor risk.

Treponema Pallidum Antibodies test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Treponema Pallidum Antibodies in the blood.It is performed to confirm Syphilis and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Syphilis.

Cystatin C is a small protein produced by all the nucleated cells of the body and found in body fluids like blood. It is filtered by the glomeruli (tiny blood vessels) present in the kidney affecting its blood concentration and is evaluated by measuring the glomerular filtration rate (GFR is the rate at which kidneys filters the fluid). High or low glomerular filtration rate depends upon the functioning of the kidneys; low glomerular filtration rate may indicate disease related to kidney or its dysfunction.Cystatin C acts as a sensitive marker for kidney related diseases. Since Cystatin C is filtered by the kidneys, its blood concentration is inversely proportional to GFR; meaning low GFR resulting in higher concentration of Cystatin C in blood. Whereas, high GFR results in a low concentration of blood Cystatin C levels.Unlike creatinine, Cystatin C is not affected by age, diet, and body mass of an individual which may be beneficial for accurate assessment of GFR for old, obese or malnourished individuals. This test helps you in measuring the Cystatin C concentration in your blood.

Erythropoietin is a hormone majorly produced by kidneys which is important for the production of red blood cells carrying oxygen from lungs to different parts of the body. Once erythropoietin is released by the kidney, it is transported to the bone marrow, where it stimulates the production of red blood cells. It is active for a shorter period of time, after which it gets eliminated from our body through urine.Kidney cells involved in the production of erythropoietin are oxygen sensitive and is released when there is a low blood oxygen level. This indicates a low number of red blood cells (anemia) or decreased hemoglobin. A total amount of erythropoietin released by the kidney depends upon the oxygen level in blood and continues to release it until the level of oxygen becomes normal.This simple test helps you to evaluate the erythropoietin levels in your blood and can also determine the cause of anemia. Decreased production of erythropoietin in individuals with kidney injury or kidney damage can be diagnosed by this test. It is also useful in detecting bone marrow disorders (myeloproliferative neoplasms or myelodysplastic syndrome) and certain kidney tumors.Testing Erythropoietin levels in your body become essential, as its elevated levels may indicate conditions such as iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, hemolytic anemia, bone marrow suppression which results in anemia, pregnancy and testosterone therapy.Low levels of erythropoietin may indicate chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, HIV infection, estrogen therapy, and polycythemia vera.

Anti Chlamydia Antibodies IgM test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Anti Chlamydia Antibodies - IgM in the blood. It is performed to confirm Eye Infection and Urogenital Tract Infection and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Eye Infection and Urogenital Tract Infection. Also known as Anti-Chlamydia Antibodies IgM.

Chikungunya Antibodies IgM test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Chikungunya Antibodies - IgM in the blood.It is performed to confirm Chikungunya and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Chikungunya.

Anti Chlamydia Antibodies IgG test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Anti Chlamydia Antibodies - IgG in the blood. It is performed to confirm Eye Infection and Urogenital Tract Infection and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Eye Infection and Urogenital Tract Infection. Also known as Anti-Chlamydia Antibodies IgG.

Beta 2 Glycoprotein Antibodies IgG test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Beta 2 Glycoprotein Antibodies - IgG in the blood.It is performed to confirm Antiphospholipid Syndrome and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Also known as Serum Beta 2 G IgG Antibodies ELISA Blood, Serum Beta 2 G IgG Antibodies.

Leptospira Antibodies IgM test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Leptospira Antibodies - IgM in the blood.It is performed to confirm Leptospirosis and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Leptospirosis.Also known asLeptospira Antibodies IgM

Apolipoprotein B test is performed on a sample of blood to measure level of Apolipoprotein B in blood.It is performed to detect Cardiovascular Disease Also known as Apo B Blood, Apo B .

Apolipoprotein A1 test is performed on a sample of blood to measure level of Apolipoprotein A1 in blood.It is performed to detect Cardiovascular Disease and Hyper Lipidemia Knew as Apo A1 Blood, Apo A1.

Beta 2 Glycoprotein Antibodies IgM test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Beta 2 Glycoprotein Antibodies - IgM in the blood.It is performed to confirm Antiphospholipid Syndrome and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Antiphospholipid Syndrome.

Lipoprotein test is performed on a sample of blood to measure level of HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, VLDL Cholesterol, Apolipoprotein A1 and Apolipoprotein B in blood.It is performed to confirm or detect Heart Disorder and Obesity and also during treatment and after treatment of Heart Disorder and Obesity.

Helicobacter Pylori Antibodies IgG test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Helicobacter Pylori Antibodies - IgG in the blood. It is performed to confirm H.pylori Infection and also during the treatment and after the treatment of H.pylori Infection.Also known asH Pylori Antibodies IgG ELISA Blood, H Pylori Antibodies IgG

Immunoglobulin A test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Immunoglobulin A in the blood. It is performed to confirm Immunoglobulin Deficiency and Immunoglobulin Excess and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Immunoglobulin Deficiency and Immunoglobulin Excess.Also known asIgA Immunoassay Blood, Serum IgA Immunoassay Blood, IgA Test, Immunoglobulin A, Serum IgA

Androstenedione test is performed on a sample of blood to measure a level of Androstenedione in blood. It is performed to confirm Amenorrhea, Hirsutism, Infertility and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and also during treatment and after treatment of Amenorrhea, Hirsutism, Infertility and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Also known as Androstenedione (A4) Blood, 4-Androstenedione, Serum A4 Blood, Androstenedione (A4), Serum A4.

Ceruloplasmin test is performed on a sample of blood to measure level of Ceruloplasmin in blood.It is performed to confirm Wilson's Disease and also during treatment and after treatment of Wilson's Disease. Also known as Copper Oxidase Ceruloplasmin Immunotubidimetric Method Blood, Copper Oxidase Ceruloplasmin .

Helicobacter Pylori Antibodies IgA test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Helicobacter Pylori Antibodies - IgA in the blood. It is performed to confirm H.pylori Infection and also during the treatment and after the treatment of H.pylori Infection.Also known asH Pylori Antibodies IgA ELISA Blood, H Pylori Antibodies IgA

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Sex Hormone Binding Globulin in blood. It is performed to confirm Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and also during treatment and after treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.Also known asSHBG Blood, Sex Hormone Binding Globulin

Anti Cardiolipin Antibodies IgA test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Anti Cardiolipin Antibodies - IgA in the blood.It is performed to confirm Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Syphilis and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Syphilis. Also known as ACL IgA ELISA Blood, ACL Antibodies IgA ELISA Blood, ACL Antibodies IgA, ACL IgA .

Copper (Cu) is an essential trace micronutrient which exists in two different redox states- oxidized (Cu-) and reduced (Cu+) form. It is required for the activity of enzymes to carry out fundamental biological functions like iron metabolism, connective tissue formation, energy production, etc. Its production depends on the availability of dietary minerals and is absorbed in intestines and transported to liver where it gets stored. Ceruloplasmin is proteins that carry out transportation of copper. Only a small amount of free copper (unbound to protein) is found in blood.Although copper is required in trace amounts, it’s imbalance can directly or indirectly lead to many disorders. This test measures the amount of copper present in your blood to diagnose various conditions and sometimes copper deficiency or toxicity. Its elevated level can lead to excess deposition of copper in various organs including liver and brain.High serum copper level may indicate:-♦ Rheumatoid arthritis♦ Primary biliary cirrhosis♦ Infections♦ Prolonged use of certain medications♦ Certain CancersLow serum copper level may indicate:-♦ Malnutrition♦ Malabsorption♦ Wilson disease♦Nephrotic syndrome♦ Menkes disease

C4 Complement test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of C4 Complement in blood. It is performed to confirm Autoimmune Disease and Recurrent Microbial Infection and also during treatment and after treatment of Autoimmune Disease and Recurrent Microbial Infection.Also known asComplement 4 Blood, Complement 4

The normal result for Varicella Zoster Antibodies Igg Elisa Blood for Varicella Zoster Antibodies - IgG is Varicella Zoster Antibodies - IgG detected in remote infection for Unisex gender and for All age groups.

Hepatitis B e Antibodies test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Hepatitis B e Antibodies in the blood.It is performed to confirm Hepatitis B and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Hepatitis B.Also known asHB e Antibodies ELISA Blood, Anti Hbe Antibodies ELISA Blood, Anti HBeAb ELISA Blood, Anti Hepatitis B Envelope Antibodies Total ELISA Blood, Anti Hbe Antibodies, Anti Hepatitis B Envelope Antibodies Total, HB e Antibodies, Hepatitis B e Antibodies

Immunoglobulin G test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Immunoglobulin G in the blood. It is performed to confirm Immunoglobulin Deficiency and Immunoglobulin Excess and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Immunoglobulin Deficiency and Immunoglobulin Excess.Also known asIgG Test, Serum IgG Immunoassay Blood, Immunoglobulin G, Serum IgG

C3 Complement test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of C3 Complement in blood. It is performed to confirm Autoimmune Disease, Cirrhosis and Hepatitis and also during treatment and after treatment of Autoimmune Disease, Cirrhosis, and Hepatitis.Also known asComplement 3 Blood, Serum Complement C3 Blood, Complement 3, Serum Complement C3

CA 15 - 3 test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of CA 15 - 3 in blood. It is performed to detect Breast CancerAlso known asBreast Cancer Antigen 15-3 Monoclonal Antibody Blood, Breast Cancer Marker 15-3 Monoclonal Antibody Blood, Tumor Marker CA 15-3 Monoclonal Antibody Blood, Breast Cancer Antigen 15-3, Breast Cancer Marker 15-3, Tumor Marker CA 15-3

G6PD test is performed on a sample of blood to measure level of G6PD in blood.It is performed to confirm Congenital Disorder and also during treatment and after treatment of Congenital Disorder.Also known asGlucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Quantitative Blood, G6PD Assay Quantitative Blood, G6PD Assay Quantitative, Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Quantitative.

Test Data QAZinc (Zn) is an essential trace element absorbed by the body from protein-rich foods. It is present throughout the body in several tissues but not stored at any particular site. It is dominantly found in blood serum where it is bound to proteins like albumin, alpha-microglobulin, and transferrin. It is required for the effective functioning of the immune system and other biological functions like wound healing, testosterone production, etc.Individuals with burns, excessive alcohol consumption or pregnant women are more prone to zinc deficiency making an assessment of zinc level necessary. This test is important to assess zinc level in your blood to determine its deficiency or toxicity. It can also be useful for monitoring the treatment of zinc deficiency.Zinc deficiency may indicate some infections or can lead to growth delay, impaired wound healing, dry skin, hair loss, diarrhea, impaired immune system, etc.Elevation in serum zinc level is not much observed as it is excreted through urine or feces. However excessive supplementation may lead to an increase in the level of zinc resulting in toxicity which may affect copper absorption of your body.

The Prostate Specific Antigen Free test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Free PSA and Free PSA: Total PSA Ratio in blood. It is performed to detect Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatic CarcinomaAlso known asPSA Free Automated Blood, PSA Test, Prostate Specific Antigen Free

Immunoglobulin M test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Immunoglobulin M in the blood. It is performed to confirm Immunoglobulin Deficiency and Immunoglobulin Excess and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Immunoglobulin Deficiency and Immunoglobulin Excess.Also known asIgM Immunoassay Blood, Serum IgM Immunoassay Blood, Immunoglobulin M, Serum IgM

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus with the capacity to cause a diverse array of clinical syndromes. It is composed of a linear, double-stranded DNA genome and is not considered highly contagious. However, any person infected with CMV, be it dormant or an active infection can transmit the virus to another person. The virus can be carried in body fluids such as urine, tears, saliva, blood, semen, cervical secretions and breast milk. Although primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in the immunologically competent host, both primary infection and reactivation may produce severe disease in those who are immune-compromised.Since effective control of CMV infection requires intact cell-mediated immunity, the population at highest risk for invasive CMV disease includes neonates, allograft recipients and individuals infected with HIV. Moreover, it is frequently transmitted from mother to child, either in utero or during the perinatal phase. Prenatal transmission often results in severe disturbance of development and diseases that may manifest at birth, such as thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, splenomegaly, and microcephaly. The frequent late sequel is hearing loss and mental retardation.CMV infection is usually asymptomatic. In immunocompetent individuals, the symptomatic disease usually manifests as mononucleosis syndrome causing a febrile illness with splenomegaly, impaired liver function and abnormal lymphocytes in the blood, but without characteristic pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy. CMV is one of the commonest congenital infections. Those children born with cytomegalic inclusion disease have a poor prognosis. The sensorineural hearing loss is the most frequent long-term consequence and in many cases does not become clinically apparent until later childhood.CMV is one of the most important pathogens that infect solid organ transplant recipients due to the immunosuppression and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Patients receiving T-celI depleting therapies are at the highest risk.Positive lgG results in the absence of IgM antibodies that are most often indicative of past Cytomegalovirus infection and do not necessarily assure protection from future infection with CMV. LGM positive status is indicative of a primary or recurrent infection. IgM antibodies to CMV can persist for 2 to 9 months after the initial infection. Not all patients with reactivated CMV infection will have detectable levels of IgM antibodies. Positive IgM results in neonates have a high probability of being an indication of congenital or neonatal infection.

Lithium test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Lithium in blood. It is performed to confirm Lithium Toxicity and also during treatment and after treatment of Lithium Toxicity.Also known asSerum Lithium Blood, Serum Lithium

Herpes Simplex 1 Antibodies IgG test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of HSV 1 antibodies- IgG in the blood. It is performed to confirm Oral Herpes and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Oral Herpes.Also known asHSV1 Antibodies IgG ELISA Blood, Anti HSV 1 Antibodies IgG ELISA Blood, Anti HSV I Antibodies IgG ELISA Blood, Herpes Simplex I Antibodies IgG ELISA Blood, Anti HSV 1 Antibodies IgG, Anti HSV I Antibodies IgG, Herpes Simplex 1 Antibodies IgG, Herpes Simplex I Antibodies IgG

Herpes simplex 1 Antibody IgM test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of HSV 1 antibodies IgM in the blood. It is performed to confirm Oral Herpes and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Oral Herpes.Also known asHSV1 Antibodies IgM ELISA Blood, Anti HSV 1 Antibody IgM ELISA Blood, Anti HSV I Antibodies IgM ELISA Blood, Herpes Simplex I Antibodies IgM ELISA Blood, Anti HSV 1 Antibody IgM, Anti HSV I Antibodies IgM, Herpes simplex 1 Antibody IgM, Herpes Simplex I Antibodies IgM

Thyroglobulin test is performed on a sample of blood to measure level of Thyroglobulin in blood.It is performed to confirm Thyroid Cancer and also during treatment and after treatment of Thyroid Cancer.Also known asTG Blood, Thyroglobulin

C Peptide test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of C Peptide in blood. It is performed to detect Chronic Kidney Disease and Insulinoma

Treponema Pallidum test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination in the blood.It is performed to confirm Syphilis and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Syphilis.Also known asTPHA Hemagglutination Blood, TPHA

Fructosamine test is performed on a sample of blood to measure level of Fructosamine in blood.It is performed to confirm Diabetes and also during treatment and after treatment of Diabetes.

Malarial Antigen test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Malarial Antigen in the blood.It is performed to confirm Malaria and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Malaria.Also known asMP Antigen Spot test Blood, Malarial Antigen Spot test, MP Antigen Spot test

Anti Cardiolipin Antibodies IgG test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Anti Cardiolipin Antibodies - IgG in the blood.It is performed to confirm Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Syphilis and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Syphilis. Also known as ACL IgG ELISA Blood, ACL Antibodies IgG ELISA Blood, ACL Antibodies IgG, Anti Cardiolipin Antibodies IgG .

Anti Cardiolipin Antibodies IgM test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Anti Cardiolipin Antibodies - IgM in the blood.It is performed to confirm Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Syphilis and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Syphilis. Also known as ACL IgM ELISA Blood, ACL Antibodies IgM ELISA Blood, ACL Antibodies IgM, Anti Cardiolipin Antibodies IgM.

Anti-nuclear antibodies are autoantibodies that the body produces against molecules present in cell nuclei, including DNA and histone proteins. Formation of anti-ds-DNA (Anti-double stranded DNA) antibodies is seen characteristically in autoimmune disorders like Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) but is only rarely observed in other autoimmune disorders. The levels and frequency of detection of Anti-ds-DNA antibodies fluctuate with disease activity. Anti-ds-DNA antibody levels may decrease with treatment that is immunosuppressive, and when the disease is in remission. ELISA technology helps in estimating the levels of lgG, LGM and lgA class of antibodies. Out of these, the lgG antibodies are clinically more relevant.Anti ds-DNA antibody measurement is used as a supportive evidence in the diagnosis of SLE. This test also helps differentiate it from other autoimmune disorders. Post the diagnosis of SLE, this test is used to monitor the progression of the disease. Patients with SLE often have flare-ups during which the symptoms increase in severity. Increase in the level of Anti ds-DNA antibody can be a prior indicator of such flare-ups.

Hepatitis B e Antigen test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Hepatitis B e Antigen in the blood. It is performed to confirm Hepatitis B and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Hepatitis B.Also known asHB e Antigen PCR Blood, Anti HBe Antigen PCR Blood, HBeAg PCR Blood, HBV e Antigen PCR Blood, Hepatitis B Envelope Antigen PCR Blood, Anti HBe Antigen PCR, HB e Antigen PCR, HBeAg PCR, HBV e Antigen PCR, Hepatitis B e Antigen PCR

Anti Phospholipid Antibodies IgA test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Anti Phospholipid Antibodies - IgA in the blood. It is performed to confirm Antiphospholipid Syndrome and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Also known as APL Antibodies IgA ELISA Blood, APLA Antibodies IgG ELISA Blood, Anti Phospholipid Antibodies IgA, APL Antibodies IgA.

Antistreptolysin Titre test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Antistreptolysin Titre in the blood. It is performed to confirm Kidney Disorder, Rheumatic Fever and Streptococcal Infection and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Kidney Disorder, Rheumatic Fever and Streptococcal Infection. Also known as ASOT Automated Blood, Antistreptolysin O Titre Automated Blood, ASLO Titre Test, ASO Titre Test, ASO test, ASLO Test, Antistreptolysin O Titre, Antistreptolysin Titre, ASLO Titre, ASOT Test, Antistreptolysin O Test.

Anti Phospholipid Antibodies IgM test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Anti Phospholipid Antibodies - IgM in the blood.It is performed to confirm Antiphospholipid Syndrome and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Also known as APL Antibodies IgM ELISA Blood, APA Antibodies IgM ELISA Blood, APLA Antibodies IgM ELISA Blood, Anti Phospholipid Antibodies IgM, APA Antibodies IgM, APL Antibodies IgM.

Toxoplasma Antibodies IgG test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Toxoplasma Antibodies - IgG in the blood. It is performed to confirm Toxoplasma Infection and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Toxoplasma Infection.

Adenosine Deaminase test is performed on a sample of peritoneal fluid to measure a level of Adenosine Deaminase in peritoneal fluid. It is performed to confirm or detect Tuberculosis and also during treatment and after treatment of Tuberculosis. Also known as ADA Peritoneal Fluid.

Beta HCG test is performed on a sample of blood to measure level of Beta HCG levels - Non Pregnant Women and Beta HCG levels - Pregnant Women in blood.It is performed to detect Choriocarcinoma, Ectopic pregnancy, Malignancy and Pregnancy Also known as Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Automated Blood, Beta HCG test, HCG Test, BHCG test, HCG Pregnancy Test, Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, Beta Pregnancy Test, Quantitative Pregnancy Test, Chorionic Gonadotropin Test .

Mitochondrial Antibodies test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Mitochondrial Antibodies in the blood.It is performed to confirm Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.Also known asAMA ELISA Blood, Mitochondrial Antibodies ELISA

Anti Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Anti CCP Antibodies in the blood. It is performed to confirm Rheumatoid Arthritis and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Also known as Anti-CCP Antibodies ELISA Blood, Anti Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies.

Prostate Specific Antigen test is performed on a sample of blood to measure level of Total PSA and Free PSA: Total PSA Ratio in blood.It is performed to detect Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Prostatic CarcinomaAlso known as PSA Automated Blood, Prostate Specific Antigen

Vitamin D 25-OH test is performed on a sample of blood to measure level of Vitamin D (25-OH) in blood.It is performed to confirm Vitamin D (25 OH) deficiency and also during treatment and after treatment of Vitamin D (25 OH) deficiency.Also known as25 - Hydroxy Vitamin D, 25 - OH Vitamin D Total, Vitamin D 25 OH, Vitamin D 25 Hydroxy Level, Vitamin D 25, Vitamin D 25 Hydroxy Test, Vitamin D 25 OH Total, Vitamin D 25-OH, Vitamin D Hydroxy

CA 19 - 9 test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of CA 19 - 9 in blood. It is performed to detect Chronic Pancreatitis, Pancreatic Cancer, and PancreatitisAlso known asPancreatic Cancer Antigen 19-9 Monoclonal Antibody Blood, Pancreatic Cancer CA 19-9 Monoclonal Antibody Blood, Pancreatic Cancer Marker 19-9 Monoclonal Antibody Blood, Serum CA 19-9 Monoclonal Antibody Blood, CA 19.9 Test, Pancreatic Cancer Antigen 19-9, Pancreatic Cancer CA 19-9, Pancreatic Cancer Marker 19-9, Serum CA 19-9

Insulin Post Prandial test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Insulin in blood. It is performed to confirm Metabolic Syndrome and Prediabetes and also during treatment and after treatment of Metabolic Syndrome and Prediabetes.Also known as Insulin Post Prandial

Lactate Dehydrogenase test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Lactate Dehydrogenase in blood. It is performed to confirm Blood Disorder, Heart Disorder, Kidney Disorder, Lung Disorder, and Muscle Disorder and also during treatment and after treatment of Blood Disorder, Heart Disorder, Kidney Disorder, Lung Disorder, and Muscle Disorder.Also known asLDH Blood, Serum LDH Blood, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Serum LDH

VDRL test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of VDRL antibodies in the blood. It is performed to confirm Syphilis and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Syphilis.Also known asVDRL

The magnesium test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Magnesium in blood. It is performed to confirm Magnesium Deficiency and Magnesium Poisoning and also during treatment and after treatment of Magnesium Deficiency and Magnesium Poisoning.Also known asMagnesium (Mg) Blood, Magnesium (Mg)

Thyroglobulin Antibodies test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Thyroglobulin Antibodies in the blood. It is performed to confirm Autoimmune Thyroid Disorder and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Autoimmune Thyroid Disorder.Also known asATG Antibodies ELISA Blood, ATG Antibodies, Thyroglobulin Antibodies

The progesterone test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Progesterone in blood. It is performed to detect Menstrual DisorderAlso known asSerum Progesterone Blood, Serum Progesterone

Alpha Fetoprotein test is performed on a sample of blood to measure level of Alpha Fetoprotein in blood.It is performed to detect Liver Cancer Also known as AFP test, Serum AFP Blood, Alfa Fetoprotein Test, Fetoprotein Test, Alpha Fetoprotein, Serum AFP .

Herpes simplex Antigen test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of HSV Antigen in the blood.It is performed to confirm Gential Herpes and Oral Herpes and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Gential Herpes and Oral Herpes.Also known as HSV Antigen direct immunoflorescence Blood, Herpes simplex Antigen

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous herpes virus with the capacity to cause a diverse array of clinical syndromes. It is composed of a linear, double-stranded DNA genome and is not considered highly contagious. However, any person infected with CMV, be it dormant or an active infection can transmit the virus to another person. The virus can be carried in body fluids such as urine, tears, saliva, blood, semen, cervical secretions and breast milk. Although primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in the immunologically competent host, both primary infection and reactivation may produce severe disease in those who are immune-compromised.Since effective control of CMV infection requires intact cell-mediated immunity, the population at highest risk for invasive CMV disease includes neonates, allograft recipients and individuals infected with HIV. Moreover, it is frequently transmitted from mother to child, either in utero or during the perinatal phase. Prenatal transmission often results in severe disturbance of development and diseases that may manifest at birth, such as thrombocytopenia, hepatitis, splenomegaly, and microcephaly. The frequent late sequel is hearing loss and mental retardation.CMV infection is usually asymptomatic. In immunocompetent individuals, the symptomatic disease usually manifests as mononucleosis syndrome causing a febrile illness with splenomegaly, impaired liver function and abnormal lymphocytes in the blood, but without characteristic pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy. CMV is one of the commonest congenital infections. Those children born with cytomegalic inclusion disease have a poor prognosis. The sensorineural hearing loss is the most frequent long-term consequence and in many cases does not become clinically apparent until later childhood.CMV is one of the most important pathogens that infect solid organ transplant recipients due to the immunosuppression and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Patients receiving T-celI depleting therapies are at the highest risk.

Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands located on top of each kidney. Fasting, food intake, exercising, awakening, and psychosocial stress cause the body to release cortisol. It is released in a highly irregular manner with peak secretion in the early morning, which then tapers out in the late afternoon and evening. Following ACTH binding to cells of the adrenal cortex, cortisol is synthesized and released into the bloodstream. Up to 95% of the secreted cortisol will be bound to large proteins and carried throughout the body in the blood. Since the vast majority of cortisol actions rely on binding to its cytosolic mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, only the small fraction of unbound, i.e., free cortisol is thought to be biologically active. Due to its low molecular weight and lipophilic nature, unbound cortisol enters cells by passive diffusion which makes it feasible to measure the free cortisol fraction in all bodily fluids.Under stressful conditions, cortisol can utilize protein for energy production through gluconeogenesis, the process of converting amino acids into carbohydrate in the liver. Additionally, it can move fat from storage depots and relocate it to fat cell deposits deep in the abdomen. Cortisol also aids adipocytes to grow up into mature fat cells. Finally, cortisol may act as an anti-inflammatory agent, suppressing the immune system during times of physical and psychological stress.Elevated levels observed in:-Adrenal tumorCushing's syndromeectopic ACTH-producing tumorsDiabetes mellitusGlucocorticoid resistanceDecreased levels observed in:-Addison's diseaseHypopituitarism

Carcinoembryonic Antigen test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in blood. It is performed to detect Colorectal MalignancyAlso known asCEA test, Serum CEA test, Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Serum CEA

Rubella Antibodies IgG test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Rubella Antibodies - IgG in the blood.It is performed to confirm Rubella and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Rubella.Also known asGerman Measles Avidity Test ElISA Blood, Rubella Avidity Test ELISA Blood, German Measles Avidity Test, Rubella Avidity Test

Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies IgA test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies - IgA in the blood. It is performed to confirm Celiac Disease and Dermatitis Herpetiformis and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Celiac Disease and Dermatitis Herpetiformis.Also known asTTG Antibodies IgA ELISA Blood, Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies IgA, TTG Antibodies IgA

Rubella Antibodies IgM test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Rubella Antibodies - IgM in the blood.It is performed to confirm Rubella and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Rubella.

Vitamin B9 test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Vitamin B9 in blood. It is performed to confirm Folic Acid Deficiency and also during treatment and after treatment of Folic Acid Deficiency.Also known asFolate Blood, Vit B9 Blood, Vitamin B9, Vit B9

Transferrin saturation, measured as a percentage, is a medical laboratory value. It is the value of serum iron divided by the Toxoplasma Antibodies IgM test is performed on a sample of blood to measure the level of Toxoplasma Antibodies - IgM in the blood. It is performed to confirm Toxoplasma Infection and also during the treatment and after the treatment of Toxoplasma Infection.Also known asToxo Gondii Antibodies IgM ELISA Blood, Toxo Gondii Antibodies IgM

Estradiol. a subtype of estrogen (female sex hormone) is secreted by the ovaries. Biologically, of all the forms of estradiol, 1,7-estradiol is the most active. It is 12 and 80 times more potent than estrone and estriol respectively, which are the other forms of estrogen. Because of potency, estradiol is considered as a major estrogen for all the important functions related to female reproduction.Estrogen is primarily synthesized in the ovaries and partially from adrenal androgens in adipose and other tissues. However, during pregnancy, primary production of estrogen occurs in the placenta. Estrogen is transported in the blood occurs bound to plasma proteins. For estradiol, 98% is transported by binding to sex hormone binding globin (SHBG).Determining the estradiol levels helps in diagnosis, management and determining the prognosis of disorders in parts of the body responsible for secretion of estrogen-like estrogen-producing testicular and ovarian tumors, hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex, etc.The level of estradiol is high during the stage in assisted reproduction where ovulation is induced and low during the early follicular phase. Enumeration of levels of estradiol is useful in monitoring ovulation induction as well as other conditions like amenorrhea, precocious puberty. In the male, these levels help in the diagnosis of hypogonadism. Decreased levels of estradiol indicate either lesion in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis or lack of ovarian synthesis.